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Triple-junction solar cells with improved carrier and photon management | Nature

Source: NatureView Original
scienceMarch 17, 2026

Subjects

- Electrical and electronic engineering

- Solar cells

Abstract

Perovskite-silicon triple-junction photovoltaics offer efficiency gains beyond dual-junction devices, but at the expense of added complexity (1). Here, we address two key bottlenecks in perovskite-silicon-based triple-junction solar cells: reduced open-circuit voltage in the wide-bandgap top-cell and limited photocurrent generation in the middle-cell (1, 2). A non-volatile additive, 4-hydroxybenzylamine, regulates wide-bandgap perovskite crystallization and passivates defects, promoting oriented growth and suppressing non-radiative recombination. Together with improved energy-level alignment, this yields open-circuit voltages of up to 1.405 V and enhanced stability. To overcome the current limitations in the middle-cell, a three-step deposition strategy enables the formation of thick, low-bandgap perovskite absorbers while preserving microstructural integrity and enhancing electron extraction. In addition, low-refractive-index SiOx nanoparticles that accumulate in the front valleys of the textured silicon bottom-cell act as an optical middle-reflector, enhancing light absorption in the middle-cell. These advances are then combined in 1 cm² perovskite-perovskite-silicon devices, achieving a certified efficiency of 30.02%.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Neuchâtel, Switzerland

Kerem Artuk, Deniz Turkay, Austin Kuba, Julien Hurni, Joël Spitznagel, Hugo Quest, Jonas Diekmann, Chiara Ongaro, Mostafa Othman, Hilal Aybike Can, Mohammad Reza Golobostanfard, Umang Desai, Paul Remondeau, Antonin Faes, Aïcha Hessler-Wyser, Christophe Ballif & Christian M. Wolff

- Centre d’Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM), Neuchâtel, Switzerland

Kerem Artuk, Michele De Bastiani, Jun Zhao, Felipe Saenz, Lisa Champault, Antonin Faes, Quentin Jeangros & Christophe Ballif

- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Chaire de Simulation à l′ Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Lausanne, Switzerland

Stefan Riemelmoser & Alfredo Pasquarello

- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Julian A. Steele

- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Julian A. Steele

- 3S Swiss Solar Solutions AG, Gwatt (Thun), Switzerland

Hugo Quest

- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg, Germany

Maryamsadat Heydarian, Oliver Fischer, Martin C. Schubert & Florian Schindler

- Chair for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering INATECH, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

Oliver Fischer

- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland

Huagui Lai, Jonathan S. Austin & Fan Fu

- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

Stefan Zeiske, Rafael López-Arteaga, Cheng Liu, Bin Chen & Edward H. Sargent

- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL-VS), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISICXRDSAP), Sion, Switzerland

Mounir D. Mensi

- Physik und Optoelektronik weicher Materie, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

Andrés-Felipe Castro-Méndez & Felix Lang

- Materials Science and Engineering, Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

Muzhi Li & Nicholas Rolston

- Young Investigator Group, Robotized Material and Photovoltaic Engineering, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), Berlin, Germany

Thomas W. Gries, Siddha Hill & Artem Musiienko

- CD-SWEET beamline ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

Eduardo Solano

- Photophysics and OptoElectronics, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Giuseppe Portale

- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

Edward H. Sargent

Authors- Kerem ArtukView author publications

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- Deniz TurkayView author publications

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- Austin KubaView author publicatio