Mini models of the human brain are revealing how this complex organ takes shape
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Neurons (green) migrate inside a laboratory-grown brain model called an assembloid, made by fusing organoids. Credit: Sergiu Pasca's Lab, Stanford University
The development of the human brain, with its extraordinary range of cognitive abilities, is an awe-inspiring feat of evolution. Each of its tens of billions of cells must be born at precisely the right time, migrate to the correct locations, differentiate into as many as 3,000 distinct cell types, and form exquisitely specific synaptic connections with one another. Most of this happens before birth, but development continues for nearly three more decades.
None of this is easy to study. Conventionally, scientists have relied on animal models and scarce human brain tissue. But the advent of tiny laboratory-grown models of human brains called organoids has transformed their options.
Brain organoids are a transformative technology — but they need regulation