Meet the Americans refusing to pay their taxes in protest of the Trump administration

Ed Hedemann hasn’t paid federal income taxes since 1970. The Brooklyn freelancer received a draft notice for Vietnam a year earlier and refused his induction because he didn’t believe in war or killing people. Once he began working, he realized he didn’t want to fund the military with his paycheck either.

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“I was thinking, well, it’s a little inconsistent for me to refuse induction, refuse to go into the military, yet pay taxes that would fund other people to go into the military,” the 81-year-old told Fortune. He estimates he’s withheld roughly $85,000 from the federal government over the decades.

Hedemann is a war tax resister—someone who refuses to pay federal income taxes as a form of protest against government spending they find morally reprehensible. And while he’s been at it for more than 50 years, recently he’s been getting a lot more company.

In the 15 months since the Trump administration returned to office—a period that has included ICE and Border Patrol killing Americans in Minnesota, the capture of former Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro, and the start of a war in Iran—a growing number of Americans have decided that paying their federal taxes amounts to complicity. Some are withholding what they owe. Others are restructuring their lives to owe nothing at all.

Tax resistance has a long history in the United States, going back to the Boston Tea Party. During the Vietnam War, an estimated 200,000 Americans refused to pay a 10% telephone tax that directly funded the war. But organizers say the current wave is unlike anything they’ve seen in decades.

The war in Gaza was a “watershed moment,” said Lincoln Rice, national coordinator at the National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee (NWTRCC), which provides guidance on conscientious tax objection. Before Oct. 7, NWTRCC hosted a couple of Zoom workshops a year for 20 to 25 attendees. During the last few tax seasons, the organization has offered sessions every other week, drawing 100 to 500 people, and has seen a surge in calls, emails, and social media inquiries.

The demographics have shifted, too. Interest after the Gaza war skewed toward people in their 20s and 30s. After Trump retook office, it expanded to higher earners and people over 40 who were alarmed by DOGE’s firing of hundreds of thousands of federal workers and cancellation of programs. Now, Rice said, it comes from people of all ages and racial backgrounds.

‘I just saw myself in those mothers’

For Clara Vondrich, the turning point came on Feb. 28, when the U.S. hit an elementary school in Iran with a Tomahawk missile, killing more than 150 girls—most between ages seven and 12—and their teachers.

“I just saw myself in those mothers, and the lifelong devastation that they suffered for no good reason,” the 48-year-old lawyer and climate activist, who has an 11-month-old daughter, told Fortune. She said she’d been “horrified” by the administration since day one, but the strike pushed her toward civil disobedience.

“I believe that taxes should be used for building lives and not taking them, and so the idea that I would be paying into a war machine was just untenable for me,” she said. She feels so strongly that she wrote an op-ed in The Guardian and started a petition urging people to join the war tax resistance.

Some of Vondrich’s taxes were already withheld by her employer, but she owes roughly $2,000 if she files separately from her husband, she said. She plans to redirect that money to a relief organization supporting Iranians or Gazans. As the breadwinner supporting her 87-year-old mother, husband, and daughter, she’s aware of the risks, but said she can’t pay in good conscience.

“I’m all for paying taxes. I’m all for putting my dollars towards initiatives that build our country,” she said. “I’d rather sleep at night than know that I’m skirting my obligation to support the common good.”

A life built around resistance

Hedemann has shaped his life around not paying federal taxes. He quit salaried jobs to freelance, so he could earn money without tax being withheld. He pays bills through money orders to avoid giving out his address. He even keeps a landline to protest the federal telephone excise tax—originally a 10% levy to fund military spending, now at 3% since 1983.

The consequences are real. Every year, Hedemann receives letters and calls from the IRS threatening liens or property seizures—but he doesn’t own a house or a car. In 1999, the IRS and the Department of Justice served him with an order requiring him to appear in federal court and explain why he shouldn’t be held in contempt for refusing to disclose information about his bank accounts and assets. The judge accepted his argument that doing so would assist the government if it chose to prosecute him.

Hedemann donates what he would owe to organizations, including Doctors for Global Health, the New York Times Neediest Fund, and the Alzheimer’s Association.

“The issue is not so much taxat