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100 years of synthetic fuels

Source: NatureView Original
scienceApril 1, 2026

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Few industrial chemical processes have a history as winding as that of the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis, which was reported by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch1 100 years ago in Brennstoff-Chemie. This catalytic process converts syngas — a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas — into hydrocarbons. Initially used to synthesize liquid fuels from coal, it now holds promise as a way to make hydrocarbons, including aviation fuel, from renewable sources of carbon.

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doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-00808-1

References

- Fischer, F. & Tropsch, H. Brennstoff-Chem. 7, 97–104 (1926; in German).

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- BASF. Verfahren zur Darstellung von Kohlenwasserstoffen und deren Derivaten. German Patent 293,787 (1913).

- Fischer, F. & Tropsch, H. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkoholen und anderen sauerstoffhaltigen Verbindungen durch katalytische Reduktion des Kohlenoxyds. German Patent 411,216 (1922).

- Fischer, F. & Tropsch, H. Verfahren zur Gewinnung mehrgliedriger Paraffinkohlenwasserstoffe aus Kohlenoxyden und Wasserstoff auf katalytischem Wege. German Patent 484,337 (1925).

- Rasch, M. in Geschichte des Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituts für Kohlenforschung 1913–1943 176 (VCH, 1989; in German).

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- Fischer, F. & Tropsch, H. Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. A/B 59, 830–831 (1926; in German).

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- ASTM International. ASTM D7566, Standard specification for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons. https://doi.org/10.1520/D7566-16B (2017).

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Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

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